What is software? History of software. Types of software. Types of software license .

 What is software?  Software is, in broad terms, a set of instructions (commonly referred to as code), that lie between you and the device's hardware, allowing you to use it.

 But what exactly is computer software?  In layman's terms, "it is an invisible component of a computer system that makes it possible to interact with the physical components of your computer."

 Software, which allows you to communicate with smartphones, tablets, game boxes, media players and other similar devices.

 Meaning of Software

 Compute software, or just software, is a part of a computer system that includes data or computer instructions, as opposed to the physical hardware from which the system is built.

 It is important to note that there is a distinct difference between hardware and software.  Software is an untraceable resource.  You can't take it in your hands.  But the hardware consists of solid resources like a mouse, keyboard, USB port, CPU, memory, printer.  Hardware and software work together, so that the system can function.



 History of Software

 An outline (algorithm) for the first part of the software was written in the 19th century by Enda Lovelace, an analytical engine.

 However, neither an analytical engine nor any software was ever made for this.

 The first theory about software - before the creation of computers, as we know it today - was proposed by Alan Turing in his 1953 essay with the application for the consolidated numbers Entscheidungsproblem (Decision Problem) for computation.

 It was followed by the creation of films in computer science and software engineering.  Computer science is more theoretical (Turing is an example of computer science essay), where software engineering focuses more on practical business.

 However, prior to 1946, software as we now understand it - from digital computer memory to store programs - did not exist yet.  Previously electronic computing devices had to be rewired to "reprogram" instead.



 Types of Software


 While all software is software, the software you are using every day is of two types: one is system software and the other is application software.



 1) Systems Software

 System software includes programs that are dedicated to managing computers themselves, such as operating systems, file management utilities, and Disk Operating System (or DOS).

 In addition to managing operating system application data, computer hardware also manages resources.  Without installing system software in our computers, we have to type the instructions for everything we want the computer to do!

 Without this software you will not be able to start your computer, cannot access Windows, and cannot even access desktops.

 All smart devices, including iPhones and Android devices, have system software.



 2) Applications Software

 Applications software, or just applications, are often called productivity programs or end-user programs.  Because they enable users to complete tasks, such as documents, spreadsheets, databases and applications, online research, sending emails, designing graphics, running businesses, and even playing games!

 Application software is specific to specific tasks and is designed for specific tasks.

 It can be as simple as a calculator application or as complex as a word processing application.  When you start creating a document, the word processor software is already set for margin, font style and size.  You can change these settings, and there are many formatting options available to you.

 For example, word processor applications make it easy to edit your colors, handings and pictures, or you can copy, move and change the appearance of a document to suit your needs.

 Some common types of application software include:



 a. Productivity Software:

 Productivity software, which includes word processors, spreadsheets, and tools used by most computer users.



 b. Presentation software:

 Graphics Software for Graphic Designers.



 c. CAD / CAM software:

 Specific Scientific Application.



 d. Vertical Market or Industry-Specific Software:

 These include specialized software such as banking, insurance, retail, manufacturing.



 e. Security Software:

 Security software for computer systems such as Anti-Virus Software and Firewall.



 How to get software?

 Some software is already installed in the operating system.  For example, Windows has a web browser, applications such as WordPad and Paint.  Android has photos, weather, calendar, and blocks by default.

 If you need other software besides this, you can download free or paid programs from the Internet or buy CD or Dvidi from the vendor.

 Software can be purchased or acquired as shareware (software sold after the trial period), liteware (shareware disabled with some capabilities), freeware (free software without any restrictions), public domain software (without restrictions  Free) and open source, whose code users can change.


Types of Software License -

 Software license gives the user the right to use the software in a licensed environment.

 A software license is a legal agreement that specifies the terms of use for an application and defines the rights of the software manufacturer and the end-user.

 The list of the default license type filtered by the manufacturer is as follows -



 1) Freeware:

 As its name suggests, freeware is software that is free to download and use.

 Freeware distribution is not restricted by any copyright.  You can download it and use it without paying.  Freewares do not expire after limited time.



 2) GNU - General Public License:

 This is a specific type of license that cannot be free or free, but users can modify the software as they wish.



 2) Shareware:

 Shareware is copyrighted software that is free to download, but is used in some way.

 Shareware can expire after a limited period of time, after which you may have to pay again to use the software.

 In other cases, there may be no time limit, but you cannot access all the features of the software until you make a payment.



 3) Limited License:

 Limited license software is intended for use only for non-commercial purposes.  Customers are restricted to the number of computers to use this software.



 4) Unlimited Site License:

 In this license type there is no restriction on how many computers you are installing this software on.

 This type of software is popular in education institutes so that they can provide it to their faculty and staff.

 But this type of unlimited site license only allows the use of software in a single physical location, such as a college campus or office.



 5) Enterprise Site License:

 An enterprise license is like an unlimited site license but is not limited to just one physical location.

 A company that has offices at various locations allows the software to be installed in all its offices.

 Customers can be limited to the number of computers on which this software can be used, such as 50 or 100 computers.



 6) Volume Purchase Agreement:

 The Volume Purchase Agreement makes it possible for the organization to purchase a large number of copyrighted software at a low cost.

 Customers can usually install this software on multiple computers from one DVD or CD, and they usually have the same product keys from which they are activated.



 7) Single License:

 This type of license allows you to install software on only one computer.  If you have to install software on additional computers, you will need to purchase a separate license for each computer.

 When you buy a branded laptop or computer and if you have a Microsoft Windows license with it, then it is a Single License (OEM).



 8) Client Access License (CAL):

 In the Client Access License (CAL) license type, users are given the right to access the server.

 The more client access licenses you take, the more clients can connect to the server.



 9) Node Locked:

 These licenses are for workstations of type specific configurations and run on them.



 10) Open Source Software:

 Open source software comes with a free software license, which gives users the right to modify and redistribute the software.



 Enterprise Software -

  Enterprise software, also known as Enterprise Application Software (EAS), is a computer software used to meet organization requirements rather than users.

 Today, there are many examples of these enterprise applications in use -

 1) Artificial intelligence:

 Development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) a few years ago seemed a difficult possibility.  But it is, in fact, a rapidly evolving technology that presents opportunities for businesses that promote their employees and change the user experience.

 It is becoming so popular that by 2020 AI is expected to be in every software product.



 2) Machine learning:

 Machine learning is one of the most modern software technologies that enterprises are embracing.  It comes from the world of automation and helps organizations increase internal operations and provide new customer experiences.



 3) Customer Relationship Management (CRM):

 CRM software is used in enterprise engagement with customers in both sales and service related queries.

 It applies to Business-To-Customer (B2C) and Business-To-Business (B2B) interactions.

 It tracks information about contracts, customers, clients, cells, leads and more.

 It helps the organization to provide relevant data, which helps the sales team to identify the service or product that the customer wants.

 This allows them to provide better service to the customers, helping sales time to cross-sell and up-sell, to understand the needs of the customers efficiently and better.



 4) Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP):

 ERP is a Business Process Management (BPM) software, which allows an organization to manage a business and use technology, service and human resources related integrated applications.

 ERP software handles important backend processes;  Purchase history, billing and shipping details, accounting information, financial data, and supply chain management details.  It integrates all operations from organization into a single database, application and user interface.



 5) Human Capital Management (HCM):

 The Human Resource Management System (HRMS) and HR system are used to display human resources by integrating employee records and talent management systems.

 This is necessary to keep track of employee data, and it is common practice that most companies currently have a core human capital management system focused around areas such as payroll, compliance and admin.



 6) Business Intelligence Software:

 The primary goal of the business intelligence software is to extract critical data from the organization's raw data, to help businesses make faster and more accurate decisions.

 It is an application designed to retrieve, analyze, transform and report data for business intelligence.



 7) Enterprise Information Management (EIM):

 EIM is a specialized film within information technology.  It specializes in finding solutions to the optimal use of information within the organization.

 For example, they require the availability of knowledge to support decision-making processes or day-to-day tasks.